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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromozentrum</span></h1>
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<p><b>Chromozentren</b> (auch: Chromocentren) sind <a href="Chromatin" title="Chromatin">Chromatin</a>-Strukturen in den <a href="Zellkern" title="Zellkern">Zellkernen</a> mancher <a href="Eukaryot" class="mw-redirect" title="Eukaryot">Eukaryoten</a>, die sich durch <a href="DNA" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA">DNA</a>-Farbstoffe besonders stark anfärben lassen.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chromozentren werden unter Beteiligung von <a href="Satelliten-DNA" title="Satelliten-DNA">Satelliten-DNA</a> durch das Aneinanderlagern der <a href="Centromer" title="Centromer">Centromere</a> von mehreren <a href="Chromosom" title="Chromosom">Chromosomen</a> gebildet,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> z. B. in <a href="Spermatozoen" class="mw-redirect" title="Spermatozoen">Spermatozoen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chromozentren gehören zum konstitutiven <a href="Heterochromatin" title="Heterochromatin">Heterochromatin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Besonders ausgeprägte Chromozentren liegen bei Mauszellen (<i><a href="Mus_musculus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mus musculus">Mus musculus</a></i>) vor<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, während menschliche Zellen meist keine Chromozentren aufweisen.
</p><p>Der Begriff geht zurück auf die italienische Plural-Form „cromocentri“ in einer Arbeit von 1908 von P. Baccarini, der Zellen des <a href="Malteserschwamm" title="Malteserschwamm">Malteserschwamms</a> untersuchte.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PMID23090282_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PMID23090282-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">B. D. Berkovits, D. J. Wolgemuth: <i>The first bromodomain of the testis-specific double bromodomain protein Brdt is required for chromocenter organization that is modulated by genetic background.</i> In: <i>Developmental biology.</i> Band 360, Nummer 2, Dezember 2011, S. 358–368, <span class="-print"><a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221095-564X%22&key=cql">1095-564X</a></span></span>. <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.10.005">10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.10.005</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22020252?dopt=Abstract">PMID 22020252</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3217133/">PMC 3217133</a> (freier Volltext).</span>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">A. V. Probst, I. Okamoto, M. Casanova, F. El Marjou, P. Le Baccon, G. Almouzni: <i>A strand-specific burst in transcription of pericentric satellites is required for chromocenter formation and early mouse development.</i> In: <i>Developmental cell.</i> Band 19, Nummer 4, Oktober 2010, S. 625–638, <span class="-print"><a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221878-1551%22&key=cql">1878-1551</a></span></span>. <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2010.09.002">10.1016/j.devcel.2010.09.002</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20951352?dopt=Abstract">PMID 20951352</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">N. Alladin, S. I. Moskovtsev, H. Russell, S. Kenigsberg, A. G. Lulat, C. L. Librach: <i>The three-dimensional image analysis of the chromocenter in motile and immotile human sperm.</i> In: <i>Systems biology in reproductive medicine.</i> Band 59, Nummer 3, Juni 2013, S. 146–152, <span class="-print"><a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221939-6376%22&key=cql">1939-6376</a></span></span>. <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3109/19396368.2013.772679">10.3109/19396368.2013.772679</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23445178?dopt=Abstract">PMID 23445178</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">A. N. Prusov, O. V. Zatsepina: <i>Isolation of the chromocenter fraction from mouse liver nuclei.</i> In: <i>Biochemistry. Biokhimiija.</i> Band 67, Nummer 4, April 2002, S. 423–431, <span class="-print"><a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220006-2979%22&key=cql">0006-2979</a></span></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11996655?dopt=Abstract">PMID 11996655</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://protein.bio.msu.ru/biokhimiya/contents/v67/pdf/bcm_0423.pdf">PDF</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">R. Mayer, A. Brero, J. von Hase, T. Schroeder, T. Cremer, S. Dietzel: <i>Common themes and cell type specific variations of higher order chromatin arrangements in the mouse.</i> In: <i>BMC cell biology.</i> Band 6, 2005, S. 44, <span class="-print"><a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221471-2121%22&key=cql">1471-2121</a></span></span>. <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2121-6-44">10.1186/1471-2121-6-44</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16336643?dopt=Abstract">PMID 16336643</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1325247/">PMC 1325247</a> (freier Volltext). </span>
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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">P. Baccarini: <cite style="font-style:italic">Sulle cinesi vegetative del "Cynomorium coccineum L."</cite> In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano Nuova Serie</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>15</span>, 1908, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>189–203</span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/ing/Carga.php?Pagina=P0036_S2_15/P0036_S2_15_0197.pdf">csic.es</a> [PDF]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Chromozentrum&rft.atitle=Sulle+cinesi+vegetative+del+%22Cynomorium+coccineum+L.%22&rft.au=P.+Baccarini&rft.btitle=Nuovo+Giornale+Botanico+Italiano+Nuova+Serie&rft.date=1908&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=189-203&rft.volume=15" style="display:none"> </span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-PMID23090282-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-PMID23090282_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">K. L. Jost, B. Bertulat, M. C. Cardoso: <i>Heterochromatin and gene positioning: inside, outside, any side?</i> In: <i>Chromosoma.</i> Band 121, Nummer 6, Dezember 2012, S. 555–563, <span class="-print"><a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221432-0886%22&key=cql">1432-0886</a></span></span>. <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00412-012-0389-2">10.1007/s00412-012-0389-2</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23090282?dopt=Abstract">PMID 23090282</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3501169/">PMC 3501169</a> (freier Volltext). </span>
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